The Vienna Convention obligates the parties to take appropriate measures for protection of the ozone layer and provides for cooperation in research and the exchanges of information, among others. They went into effect in September 1988 and January 1989, respectively. The Vienna Convention for Protection of the Ozone Layer (here-inafter referred to as the "Vienna Convention") was adopted already in 1985, under which the Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete of the Ozone Layer (hereinafter referred to as the "Montreal Protocol") was adopted in 1987. First Meeting of the Conference of the Parties to the Vienna Convention for Protection of the Ozonosphere On the basic recognition that "today, the very conditions of life on our planet are threatened by the severe attacks to which the earth's atmosphere is subjected" and that solutions could be found only with cooperation at a global level, the summiteers came out with the Hague Declaration which contained, among others, a strengthening of the institutional capacities which would make it possible to work out effective decisions concerning the implementation of measures against global warming.ī.
ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS OF GLOBALIZATION HOW TO
In March 1989, a summit was held in the Hague, the Netherlands, under the cosponsorship of the French, Dutch and Norwegian prime ministers to discuss how to internationally cope with global warming, and the Japanese government was represented by the Director-General of the Environment Agency. Since 1989, there have beenthe following international consultations to form an internationalconsensus (Table 1-1-1). In 1989, as it was keenly felt around the world that theworld environment stood on the verge of a grave crisis, there was agreement that the world would have to act in concert toward sustainabledevelop-ment and a great step forward was made in coming out with a frame-work of international cooperation. In the following, let us take a look at domestic and world trends in the last year over the global environment. The year 1989 turned out to be the year when Japan and other countries took a great step forward in working for conservation of the global environment. Trends in Japan in the World Over the Global Environment
Later, an attempt will be made to make clear the circumstances in which various global environmental issues are placed and how they are tied in with one another. In this section, an attempt will be made to make clear what sorts of developments there have been in the world in recent years over the global environment issues, how they are dealt with and how the Japanese government copes with it. For preserva-tion of the global environment, an important task for Japan is to play a positive role commensurate with its international position. The nation is also equipped with precious experience and technology in the sector of environmental protection, which center on measures against pollution.
Sharing more than 10 percent of the world economy, Japan depends on the globe for many resources in evolving its activities and imposes a wide variety of burdens on it. Given those developments, the world has taken an increasingly great interest in the global environment in recent years, and there is a widespread recognition that it should begin to act in concert for the future generation. Conference on the Human Environment in 1972, and by the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) and the World Health Organization (WHO). Envi-ronment Programme (UNEP), which was established according to the decision of the U.
The condi-tions of the global environment have been made clear through the continuous observation and surveillance performed by the U. Besides, things have been made all the more serious due to an epochal expansion of the global economy and increases in population since World War II. The expanding scope of human activity-notably, since the Industrial Revolution-has stead-ily overweighted the global environment. Not all those changes have begun recently. It is not an exaggeration to say that the survival of human society itself is threatenedby changes in the composition of the atmosphere which hems in around the globe and the rain which falls on the ground surface and in the amount of greenery which embraces the land. Human activity is bringing about significant changes in the global environment at an unprecedentedly fast pace. Expanding Scope of Environmental Problems Environmental Issues In The Globalization Era I. White Paper Quality of the Environment in Japan 1990 Chapter1.
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